FOG00269
EOG85HQDK
HXK2
sce:HXK2

Genes: 33

Protein description
HXK II, enzyme and regulator


Features
regulator;enzyme


SGD Description
Hexokinase isoenzyme 2; catalyzes phosphorylation of glucose in the cytosol; predominant hexokinase during growth on glucose; functions in the nucleus to repress expression of HXK1 and GLK1 and to induce expression of its own gene; antiapoptotic; phosphorylation/dephosphorylation at serine-14 by protein kinase Snf1p and protein phosphatase Glc7p-Reg1p regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; HXK2 has a paralog, HXK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication


PomBase Description
hexokinase 1


AspGD Description
Hexokinase


Suggested Analysis
Find duplication origin of GLK1/HXK2


References

Anderson CM, et al. (1978 Jul 25). Sequencing a protein by x-ray crystallography. II. Refinement of yeast hexokinase B co-ordinates and sequence at 2.1 A resolution.

Walsh RB, et al. (1983 May). Cloning of genes that complement yeast hexokinase and glucokinase mutants.

Fröhlich KU, et al. (1985). The primary structure of the yeast hexokinase PII gene (HXK2) which is responsible for glucose repression.

Stachelek C, et al. (1986 Jan 24). Identification, cloning and sequence determination of the genes specifying hexokinase A and B from yeast.

Prior C, et al. (1993 Jul). The hexokinase gene is required for transcriptional regulation of the glucose transporter gene RAG1 in Kluyveromyces lactis.

Breitwieser W, et al. (1993 May). Identification of a gene encoding a novel zinc finger protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Kriegel TM, et al. (1994 Jan 11). In vivo phosphorylation site of hexokinase 2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Norbeck J, et al. (1995 Jan). Gene linkage of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resolved proteins from isogene families in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by microsequencing of in-gel trypsin generated peptides.

Petit T, et al. (1996 Jan 8). Schizosaccharomyces pombe possesses an unusual and a conventional hexokinase: biochemical and molecular characterization of both hexokinases.

Heidrich K, et al. (1997 Feb 25). Autophosphorylation-inactivation site of hexokinase 2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Behlke J, et al. (1998 Aug 25). Hexokinase 2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: regulation of oligomeric structure by in vivo phosphorylation at serine-14.

Bar D, et al. (2003 Oct 10). The unique hexokinase of Kluyveromyces lactis. Molecular and functional characterization and evaluation of a role in glucose signaling.

Pitarch A, et al. (2004 Oct). Proteomics-based identification of novel Candida albicans antigens for diagnosis of systemic candidiasis in patients with underlying hematological malignancies.

Mitochondrial localization predictions
Predotar	TargetP	MitoProt
Raw data
Phobius transmembrane predictions 0 genes with posterior transmembrane prediction > 50%

FOG00270
EOG85HQDK
HXK2.2
sce:absent

Genes: 1

Protein description
Uncharacterized hexokinase paralog


Parent
paralog:FOG00269


AspGD Description
Putative hexokinase


References

Bernardo SM, et al. (2007 May). Characterization of regulatory non-catalytic hexokinases in Aspergillus nidulans.

Flipphi M, et al. (2009 Mar). Biodiversity and evolution of primary carbon metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans and other Aspergillus spp.

Fleck CB, et al. (2010 Jul). Aspergillus fumigatus catalytic glucokinase and hexokinase: expression analysis and importance for germination, growth, and conidiation.

Mitochondrial localization predictions
Predotar	TargetP	MitoProt
Raw data
Phobius transmembrane predictions 0 genes with posterior transmembrane prediction > 50%

FOG00271
EOG85HQDK
HXK3
sce:absent

Genes: 8

Protein description
Uncharacterized HXK3, Pichia clade paralog


Parent
paralog:FOG00269


Suggested Analysis
Probe role of 388-392 insertition. Does the protein maintain its regulator function in dbx which has lost HXK2 ortholog?

Mitochondrial localization predictions
Predotar	TargetP	MitoProt
Raw data
Phobius transmembrane predictions 0 genes with posterior transmembrane prediction > 50%

FOG00272
EOG85HQDK
HXK1
sce:HXK1

Genes: 1

Protein description
HXK ohnolog, not regulator; highest expression on non-glucose carbon


Parent
ohnolog:FOG00269


SGD Description
Hexokinase isoenzyme 1; a cytosolic protein that catalyzes phosphorylation of glucose during glucose metabolism; expression is highest during growth on non-glucose carbon sources; glucose-induced repression involves hexokinase Hxk2p; HXK1 has a paralog, HXK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication


References

Bennett WS Jr, et al. (1980 Jun 25). Structure of a complex between yeast hexokinase A and glucose. I. Structure determination and refinement at 3.5 A resolution.

Kopetzki E, et al. (1985). Complete nucleotide sequence of the hexokinase PI gene (HXK1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Stachelek C, et al. (1986 Jan 24). Identification, cloning and sequence determination of the genes specifying hexokinase A and B from yeast.

Tamura JK, et al. (1988 Jun 5). The adenine nucleotide binding site on yeast hexokinase PII. Affinity labeling of Lys-111 by pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine.

Petit T, et al. (1999 Nov). Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene HXK1 encoding the hexokinase from Yarrowia lipolytica.

Mitochondrial localization predictions
Predotar	TargetP	MitoProt
Raw data
Phobius transmembrane predictions 0 genes with posterior transmembrane prediction > 50%

FOG00273
EOG85HQDK
GLK1
sce:GLK1

Genes: 33

Protein description
Glucokinase.


Parent
paralog?:FOG00269


SGD Description
Glucokinase; catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose at C6 in the first irreversible step of glucose metabolism; one of three glucose phosphorylating enzymes; expression regulated by non-fermentable carbon sources; GLK1 has a paralog, EMI2, that arose from the whole genome duplication


PomBase Description
hexokinase 2


AspGD Description
Putative glucokinase


Suggested Analysis
Find origin of GLK1 or HXK2


References

Felden RA, et al. (1976 Mar). Presence of histones in Aspergillus nidulans.

Walsh RB, et al. (1983 May). Cloning of genes that complement yeast hexokinase and glucokinase mutants.

Albig W, et al. (1988 Dec 15). Structure of yeast glucokinase, a strongly diverged specific aldo-hexose-phosphorylating isoenzyme.

Ehinger A, et al. (1990 Jul). Sequence, organization and expression of the core histone genes of Aspergillus nidulans.

Lee DW, et al. (1996 Apr 15). Quantitative analysis of gene expression in sexual structures of Aspergillus nidulans by sequencing of 3'-directed cDNA clones.

Petit T, et al. (1996 Jan 8). Schizosaccharomyces pombe possesses an unusual and a conventional hexokinase: biochemical and molecular characterization of both hexokinases.

Muthuvijayan V, et al. (2004). In silico reconstruction of nutrient-sensing signal transduction pathways in Aspergillus nidulans.

Trojer P, et al. (2004 Aug 24). Histone methyltransferases in Aspergillus nidulans: evidence for a novel enzyme with a unique substrate specificity.

Gruhler A, et al. (2005 Mar). Quantitative phosphoproteomics applied to the yeast pheromone signaling pathway.

Kettner K, et al. (2007 Aug). Identification and characterization of a novel glucose-phosphorylating enzyme in Kluyveromyces lactis.

Reyes-Dominguez Y, et al. (2008 Apr). Nucleosome positioning and histone H3 acetylation are independent processes in the Aspergillus nidulans prnD-prnB bidirectional promoter.

Berger H, et al. (2008 Sep). Dissecting individual steps of nitrogen transcription factor cooperation in the Aspergillus nidulans nitrate cluster.

Flipphi M, et al. (2009 Mar). Biodiversity and evolution of primary carbon metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans and other Aspergillus spp.

Masuo S, et al. (2010 Dec). Global gene expression analysis of Aspergillus nidulans reveals metabolic shift and transcription suppression under hypoxia.

Fleck CB, et al. (2010 Jul). Aspergillus fumigatus catalytic glucokinase and hexokinase: expression analysis and importance for germination, growth, and conidiation.

Reyes-Dominguez Y, et al. (2010 Jun). Heterochromatic marks are associated with the repression of secondary metabolism clusters in Aspergillus nidulans.

Van Damme P, et al. (2012 Jul 31). N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

Nützmann HW, et al. (2013 Oct). Distinct amino acids of histone H3 control secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans.

Cánovas D, et al. (2014 Aug). The histone acetyltransferase GcnE (GCN5) plays a central role in the regulation of Aspergillus asexual development.

Govindaraghavan M, et al. (2014 Aug). The Set1/COMPASS histone H3 methyltransferase helps regulate mitosis with the CDK1 and NIMA mitotic kinases in Aspergillus nidulans.

, et al. (2015 Aug). KdmA, a histone H3 demethylase with bipartite function, differentially regulates primary and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans.

Hedtke M, et al. (2015 Aug). Light-dependent gene activation in Aspergillus nidulans is strictly dependent on phytochrome and involves the interplay of phytochrome and white collar-regulated histone H3 acetylation.

Gacek-Matthews A, et al. (2015 May). KdmA, a histone H3 demethylase with bipartite function, differentially regulates primary and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans.

Mitochondrial localization predictions
Predotar	TargetP	MitoProt
Raw data
Phobius transmembrane predictions 3 genes with posterior transmembrane prediction > 50%

FOG00274
EOG85HQDK
EMI2
sce:EMI2

Genes: 2

Protein description
Non-catalytic protein


Parent
ohnolog:FOG00273


SGD Description
Non-essential protein of unknown function; required for transcriptional induction of the early meiotic-specific transcription factor IME1; required for sporulation; expression regulated by glucose-repression transcription factors Mig1/2p; EMI2 has a paralog, GLK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress


References

Lutfiyya LL, et al. (1998 Dec). Characterization of three related glucose repressors and genes they regulate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Enyenihi AH, et al. (2003 Jan). Large-scale functional genomic analysis of sporulation and meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Mitochondrial localization predictions
Predotar	TargetP	MitoProt
Raw data
Phobius transmembrane predictions 0 genes with posterior transmembrane prediction > 50%

FOG00275
EOG82Z36G
EOG84B8JM
EOG85HQDK

sce:absent

Genes: 29

Protein description
Putative hexokinase


Parent
paralog:FOG00269


SGD Description
Putative hexokinase; transcript is upregulated during sporulation and the unfolded protein response; YLR446W is not an essential gene


AspGD Description
Putative hexokinase


References

Kumar MJ, et al. (2000 Dec 19). The inducible N-acetylglucosamine catabolic pathway gene cluster in Candida albicans: discrete N-acetylglucosamine-inducible factors interact at the promoter of NAG1.

Yamada-Okabe T, et al. (2001 Apr). Identification and characterization of the genes for N-acetylglucosamine kinase and N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate deacetylase in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans.

Singh P, et al. (2001 Dec). Attenuation of virulence and changes in morphology in Candida albicans by disruption of the N-acetylglucosamine catabolic pathway.

Wendland J, et al. (2006). Use of the Porcine Intestinal Epithelium (PIE)-Assay to analyze early stages of colonization by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans.

Bennett RJ, et al. (2006 Oct). The role of nutrient regulation and the Gpa2 protein in the mating pheromone response of C. albicans.

Bernardo SM, et al. (2007 May). Characterization of regulatory non-catalytic hexokinases in Aspergillus nidulans.

Flipphi M, et al. (2009 Mar). Biodiversity and evolution of primary carbon metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans and other Aspergillus spp.

Wendland J, et al. (2009 Sep). N-acetylglucosamine utilization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on expression of Candida albicans NAG genes.

Gunasekera A, et al. (2010 Oct). Identification of GIG1, a GlcNAc-induced gene in Candida albicans needed for normal sensitivity to the chitin synthase inhibitor nikkomycin Z.

Naseem S, et al. (2011 Aug 19). N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) induction of hyphal morphogenesis and transcriptional responses in Candida albicans are not dependent on its metabolism.

Rao KH, et al. (2013). N-acetylglucosamine kinase, HXK1 is involved in morphogenetic transition and metabolic gene expression in Candida albicans.

Rao KH, et al. (2014 Feb 28). N-acetylglucosamine kinase, HXK1 contributes to white-opaque morphological transition in Candida albicans.

Mitochondrial localization predictions
Predotar	TargetP	MitoProt
Raw data
Phobius transmembrane predictions 14 genes with posterior transmembrane prediction > 50%